ANZCTR search results

The aim of this study is to perform a multimodal comparison of 3-month courses of weekly isoniazid and rifapentine (3HR) with 9 months of daily isoniazid (9H) for latent tuberculosis infection, using a variety of indices: a. Cost-benefit b. Patient satisfaction c. Adherence to prescribed therapy

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) as a mode of respiratory support is growing in poopularity and a number of studies have demonstrated it's benefit in both adults and children. Difficulties associated with NIV are largely attributed to leakage around the mask which adversely affects triggering and results in a time lag between patient effort and the ventilator's response. Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) uses an oesophageal probe which detects diaphragmatic innervation for every breath. This results in a much more timely co-ordination of ventilatory support.

This study seeks to determine whether self-affirmation (boosting self-image) is effective at reducing defensiveness towards smoking risk information in smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This can lead to increased acceptance of health warnings and increased quitting in smokers at high risk.

This study is a cross sectional case control study which will determine levels of FGF23, a phosphate regulatory protein produced by osteocytes in men with iron overload, using haemochromatosis as a model of iron overload, in men with iron deficiency and in men with normal iron stores. Associated markers of bone metabolism will be measured in blood and urine and bone densitometry and body composition studies will be performed by Dual X-ray absorptiometry.

Lifestyle factors such as exercise and diet remains the cornerstone in the management of type 2 diabetes. Progressive resistance training is one mode of exercise that can improve glycaemic control and other metabolic risk factors that contribute to the development of diabetes complications. Whether diet and exercise combined can have added benefits remains unknown. In non-diabetic adults, high protein diets can enhance the benefits of resistance training on muscle mass and strength. There is also evidence that vitamin D deficiency is associated with glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, which can be improved with treatment. This study builds upon our current community-based resistance training program, titled ‘Lift for Life (L4L)’, to examine whether post-exercise ingestion of a protein enriched drink and vitamin D can enhance the benefits of resistance training on glycaemic control, body composition and cardiometabolic health in adults with type 2 diabetes. This study is important as the findings will underpin more precise exercise and nutrition guidelines for the management of glycaemic control and cardiometabolic risk factors in people with type 2 diabetes, along with the ongoing refinement of community-based initiatives for the management of this condition.

The current study will trial the effectiveness of the Secret Agent Society (SAS) program delivered individually to children with Asperger syndrome. Originally designed as a group-based intervention, SAS has been found to result in a variety of benefits for children including improvements in their social skills, ability to regulate their emotions and knowledge in dealing with bullying and teasing. As such, it is anticipated that the individually delivered SAS protocol adopted in this study will result in similar improvements. Results from the study is expected to increase practitioners’ and parent’s confidence in delivering SAS individually to children and potentially increase the intervention’s reach.

This study will test consumer use of mobile teledermoscopy in the home in combination with the Asymmetry and Colour (AC) lesion identification rule, which together may be a powerful tool for melanoma early detection in the future. Who is it for? You may be eligible to join this study if you are aged 50 – 64 years, living in Queensland, have had a previous diagnosis of melanoma or skin cancer, and have fair skin or a high number of moles. Trial details Participants in this study will be randomly (by chance) divided into one of two groups. Participants in both groups will receive a Handyscope dermatoscope which they will keep for one month, instructions on dermatoscope functionality and how to email lesions for assessment, and an information booklet describing how to assess lesions using the Asymmetry and Colour Rule for detecting melanoma to allow selection of concerning lesions for submission to the teledermatologist. In addition, participants in one group will also receive detailed skin self-examination (SSE) instructions on how to conduct a thorough whole body SSE. The detailed SSE instructions will guide participants towards hard to see areas such as the back or back of the neck, and the use of two mirrors or utilising the assistance of a partner to visualise these areas. Participants in the other group will receive a set of instructions that will ask participants to look for and photograph suspicious skin lesions without specifying body areas to self-examine. Participants in both groups will be expected to complete one SSE during the month they have the Handyscope dermatoscope, and email their selected lesions of most concern to the dermatologist for evaluation.

Background: Oropharyngeal aspiration (OPA) can lead to recurrent respiratory illnesses and chronic lung disease in children. Current clinical feeding evaluations (CFE) performed by speech pathologists have poor reliability in detecting OPA when compared to radiological procedures such as the modified barium swallow (MBS). Improved ability to diagnose OPA accurately via clinical feeding evaluation potentially reduces reliance on expensive, less readily available, radiological procedures. Our study investigates the utility of adding cervical auscultation (CA), a technique of listening to swallowing sounds, in improving the diagnostic accuracy of a clinical feeding evaluation for the detection of OPA. Aims of the study Our study investigates the utility of cervical auscultation (CA) in the assessment and diagnosis of OPA in children. The primary aim is to determine whether the clinical feeding evaluation (CFE) combined with CA increases the detection of OPA determined by MBS, compared to the clinical feeding evaluation (CFE) only. We hypothesize that the use of CA (compared to not using CA) as an adjunctive clinical tool to assess oropharyngeal dysphagia, improves the detection of OPA in children as assessed with the current gold standard, MBS.

The Bispectral Index system (BIS) is an electronic device used during anaesthesia to determine whether or not a patient is "awake". A previous study reported that when fully awake subjects were given the muscle relaxant suxamethonium, the BIS system incorrectly reported that they were anaesthetised. Our study will investigate the effect of the two muscle relaxant drugs suxamethonium, and rocuronium, in awake volunteers, to confirm whether or not the BIS system behaves in this manner.

Poor skills generalization poses a major barrier to successful outcomes of rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Error-based learning (EBL) is a relatively new intervention approach that aims to promote skills generalization by teaching people internal self-regulation skills, or how to anticipate, monitor and correct their own errors. This study aims to compare the efficacy of EBL and errorless learning (ELL) for improving awareness of deficits, skills generalization and long-term social outcomes after TBI.