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General Practitioners (GP) have a key role to play in the care of dying patients. General practice is defined by the continuity of care and trusting long-term doctor-patient relationships. This means that general practitioners are well placed to provide quality end of life care to patients. This research explores the feasibility and acceptability of a general practice based case-finding approach to care planning of patients nearing the end of life. General practices will be recruited to test the accuracy of GPs clinical acumen in predicting which of their patients will die in the next 6 months. A number of practices will make use of a clinical prediction tool in addition to the GPs clinical acumen to see whether this improves the accuracy of prognostication. The findings of the project will help to determine the best way of identifying patients who are in need of end of life care planning. Our aim is to use the data gathered from this study as a springboard into developing a solid evidence-based intervention that could be used in general practice to identify and plan the care of patients who are nearing the end of life.

This study will look at the effectiveness of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (Prevenar 13 registered trademark) in children currently or recently receiving cancer treatment. Prevenar13 (registered trademark) has been part of the regular immunisation schedule for all children at 2, 4, and 6 months in Australia since 2011. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are known to be very effective in healthy children under 2 years in preventing severe bacterial infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, such as meningitis, bloodstream infections, chest and ear infections. Currently the vaccine is only licensed in Australia for children under 5 years and adults over 50 years of age. It is expected that it will be licensed for older children soon. It is recommended by experts that older children up to the age of 18 years with a medical condition that lowers the body’s immune system be given a dose of the Prevenar 13 (registered trademark) vaccine. Who is it for? All children aged between 1 and 18 years with a diagnosis of cancer who are either receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, or have recently completed chemotherapy or radiotherapy within the last 12 months. Patients who have completed treatment and already given a booster dose of Prevenar 13 (registered trademark) are not eligible. Trial details You will be asked to sign a consent form permitting your child to take part in the study. You will be asked questions regarding your child’s diagnosis, treatment (current or past), previous immunisations received and any side effects experienced. We will ask for your permission to access the Australian Childhood Immunisation Registry (ACIR) database for details of the immunisations. We ask you to remain for at least 15 minutes after the vaccination for observation of your child to monitor for any side effects. This is routine practice for all immunisations. You will be given a 7 day symptom diary to record any side effects, including measuring the body temperature at least once in the evening, and any other time that the child feels warm or unwell. You will be asked to bring the diary back at the next appointment. We will take a blood sample (5 mL or 1 teaspoon) to measure the immune level against the bacteria and a nasal swab to see if the bacteria is carried in the nose. The blood sample may be taken at the same time when other treatment bloods are being taken (e.g. from the “port” or Broviac). We will give the Prevenar 13 (registered trademark) vaccine by an injection in the leg or the upper arm. When you return for your appointment one month later, we will take another blood sample (5 mL) and a nasal swab to compare. If your child is enrolling and being vaccinated whilst still on cancer treatment, another blood sample (5 mL) and a nasal swab will be taken 6 months after your child has completed treatment.

We have clinically investigated GlycOmega Plus in two previous clinical trials (with no placebo arm) in participants with knee OA. Both trials demonstrated significant improvement in knee pain, stiffness and physical function at a dose of 3000mg per day for 8-12 weeks. This current trial aims to determine the clinical effectiveness of GlycOmega Plus in treating OA knee pain, stiffness and physical function at a dose of 1500mg for 12 weeks in a randomised placebo controlled design. Further we aim to assess faecal bacterial profiles to determine if participants with OA demonstrate altered bacterial growth and whether influencing bacterial growth with the supplementaion of GlycOmega Plus can be correlated to improve knee OA symptoms.

The commonest cause of death in individuals with impaired renal function is cardiovascular disease (CVD) and in 2008 contributed to 2.3% of all deaths in Australia. According to current Australian Government predictions the incidence rate of treated end stage renal disease is projected to increase by nearly 80%—from 11 per 100,000 population in 2009 to 19 per 100,000 population in 2020. This is important as data from the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) Registry report indicates that 40% of all deaths in patients receiving dialysis were due to CVD. This is replicated in findings from the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) where CVD mortality was 42.2%. Given this, it is now well recognised that the presence of CKD is a potent risk factor for CVD. Indeed individuals with CKD have a 10-fold to 20-fold greater risk of CVD than age- and sex-matched, healthy controls. Once on dialysis CKD patients are less likely to receive cardiovascular interventions and far more likely to die than in those without CKD. CVD risk in this population is partially attributable to an increased presence and severity of conventional CVD risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and smoking. Additionally however there are other risk factors specific to CKD such as anaemia, abnormal calcium and phosphate metabolism and chronic inflammation. Previous work carried out by our Group in this area was funded by an NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence Award (455832). The findings of this work have provided insights into the alterations in cardiovascular structure and function undergone in CKD and the pathophysiological factors underlying CVD risk. Despite the aggressive nurse-led risk factor intervention undertaken in the original study(LANDMARK1) there was little effect on cardiovascular structure, ventricular function or outcome after 2 years of follow-up. We have ascertained, through The Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, (ANZdata), that at least two thirds of the patients in this previous trial are now deceased and of those still living, a majority have proceeded to kidney transplant. We would access the ANZdata database for dates and cause of death of the deceased patients and renal transplant status. We would access the Nephrology database at the Princess Alexandra Hospital to ascertain MACE. We will analyse the baseline data for these patients to ascertain the main cardiovascular factors that predicted outcome.

Despite multiple studies reporting outcomes separately in both adult and paediatric cohorts and existing literature about transition care, little data has been published regarding the outcomes of patients with paediatric onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in the years after they have entered adult care. This is important as major changes in transition practices are currently being recommended without knowing what is actually happening to this group of IBD patients and what is needed. This study aims to identify the physical and psychosocial outcomes of this cohort, which may have been adversely influenced by their transition process, in addition to patient perspectives of the process. The project will achieve its aims by using a database from the Women’s and Children’s Hospital which contains a list of patients with paediatric onset IBD that have since transitioned into adult care (defined as having turned 18 at the time of interrogating the database). Participants will be contacted and invited to participate in a survey which will collect data regarding basic demographic information, IBD-associated health outcomes, transition experiences and perceived positives and negatives from the transition process. Health outcomes of this population will then be compared to both local and published data of adult onset IBD patients of similar disease duration. Current guidelines of management of IBD in this cohort will also be compared to the study group. From this information, obstacles to optimal transition will be highlighted, and patients views obtained. These data will be vital to guide the successful development of new and improved transition programs which optimise patient care. This has the potential to improve disease-specific and psychological outcomes for these patients and thus also reduce the direct and indirect economic burden in this cohort.

IBD is a complex condition, which is often associated with high morbidity and requires close and continued collaboration between patients, specialist medical care and other holistic, multi-disciplinary facilities. Despite multiple studies documenting differences in health outcomes between rural and urban patients in a number of diseases, little published data exists regarding the level of disease burden in rural patients with IBD and how this compares with what we know about urban populations. Additionally, limited knowledge regarding patient and rural practitioner perspectives on the barriers to optimal medical care exists. This is important as a large burden of disease exists outside of the metropolitan area, where specialist gastroenterology serves are absent and consequently the majority of long-term care is carried out by rural general practitioners and surgeons. The aim of the study is to initially describe the disease burden and treatment experience of IBD, in patients living in rural areas as compared to metropolitan locations. We then aim to identify any perceived barriers to the care and management of patients with IBD in the rural setting compared with their urban counterparts from the perspective of rural practitioners, IBD nurses, surgeons and gastroenterologists. Finally we will obtain the patient perspective. The study design is predominantly based upon questionnaires aimed at identifying rural practitioners IBD experience, level of IBD knowledge and perceived barriers. Perceived barriers will also be identified from a group of interested gastroenterologists and then all results will be compared to previously studies. Patients will then be surveyed to obtain their perceptions on barriers to care. Differences in healthcare outcomes will be looked at through review of a South Australian database and a new cohort in Mt Gambier and compared to a previously collected control. This study will provide quantitative data and highlight any real differences in healthcare outcomes compared with metropolitan cohorts. It will then review knowledge of and attitude to IBD amongst several medical cohorts and finally investigate perceived barriers to care from a number of different perspectives. Through the data obtained we aim to identify common perceived barriers to optimal care, which may subsequently guide the development of multi-disciplinary interventions/strategies that could be introduced to enhance rural IBD patient care. Given the current limited published data regarding this issue, it highlights an exciting opportunity to obtain such information to determine if and how interventions may be introduced that would aid in over-coming such obstacles and optimise care of this cohort in the long term.

The primary purpose of this study is to extend and optimise sleep and improve athletic performance parameters in a group of Australian Football League (AFL) players over a 6 week period using education, monitoring and feedback. The main hypotheses are: 1. Increasing total sleep time will lead to improved overall performance in terms of improved sleepiness and vigilance. 2. Increasing total sleep time will improve athletic performance and aid in player recovery.

The primary purpose of this study is to investigate whether breast MRI and a PET-CT scan can accurately predict which women with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) treated by initial Primary Systemic Treatment (PST), can undergo Breast Conserving Surgery (BCS), without compromising local control or Disease Free Survival. You may be eligible to join this study if you are over 18 years old, female, with Clinical Stage III (non-inflammatory) unilateral breast cancer. All patients receive PST as per local practice before operability is then assessed. MRI and PET-CT scan will be taken up to four times during the study; 1/pre-treatment, 2/between 4 and 5 weeks from start of PST, 3/between 3 and 5 weeks after PST is completed and 4/between 10 and12 weeks after radiotherapy treatment (for participants that are inoperable). Each MRI scan will take 20-40 minutes to complete. Each PET-CT takes 60-90 minutes to complete. * If LABC becomes operable, either mastectomy or BSC is performed as well as Sentinal Node Biopsy (SNB) and axillary node dissection. All patients receive radiotherapy 6-8 weeks post-operatively. * If LABC remains inoperable, radiotherapy is given to the breast and nodes. 5-7 weeks after completion of radiotherapy and the patient is re-assessed. If disease has become operable, mastectomy and axillary node dissection is performed. * All patients with a hormone sensitive tumour commence hormonal therapy 14 days after the completion of treatment to the breast and nodes. This study aims to find out if women with LABC can have BCS instead of mastectomy with a low chance of the cancer returning.

This project builds on an earlier project and seeks to examine the efficacy and acceptability of the Pain Course when provided with different levels of clinical support. We expect that people in the treatment groups will report similar levels of clinical benefit and acceptability.

The aim is to determine the effect of improving diet quality on measures of vascular function in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.