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Patients consenting to the trial will have baseline and day 1 postoperative measurements of their endothelial functioning on one arm. Preoperatively : A blood pressure cuff is inflated on the upper arm and an ultrasound is taken of the blood vessels in the arm as the cuff is deflated. Blood tests are taken for folate, homocysteine, arginine, citrulline, ADMA and nitrate. Intraoperatively : Patients will be randomly allocated to either 70% N2O in oxygen (FiO2 0.3) or oxygen with or without nitrogen (FiO2 0.8-1.0). Postoperatively : Patients will have the ultrasound on the same arm as preoperatively and blood tests will be done again. Half of the patients will have received nitrous oxide for a minimum of 2 hours and the other half only oxygen.

The aim of this project is to examine the acceptability and effectiveness of introducing a vocational specialist into the clinical program of a service providing clinical interventions for people aged between 15 and 25 experiencing a first episode of psychosis in the north and west regions of Melbourne. In the project a person with expertise in the rehabilitation employment sector will be employed to provide specialist input with clients of the Early Psychosis, Prevention and Intervention Centre (EPPIC). The proposed intervention is based upon a model called supported employment (sometimes called individual placement and support). This model has been found to be the most effective model of vocational rehabilitation for people with chronic mental illnesses. However, to date only one published pilot study has examined the usefulness of this model in people in the early phase of their illnesses. This study, conducted in England, and another, unpublished from America, suggests that this model may be successfully applied to helping young people with mental illness return to work and study. Unemployment and withdrawal from training and study are often sequelae of psychosis, and for the group who go on to develop schizophrenia, unemployment rates of 80% and above have been reported both in Australia and other comparable countries. Unemployment, leads to social isolation, and lower socio-economic status, both of which, along with unemployment itself, are risk factors for further psychotic episodes. This intervention seeks to prevent this sequence of events from beginning by actively supporting young people who wish to work. Supported employment works by having a specialist who collaborates with the young person to help them identify competitive work (i.e. work opportunities that are open to the public as opposed to sheltered work opportunities available only to particular groups) that they would like to do, prepare for interviews and crucially, supports the person in the role after they have obtained the job. This support is often not at the workplace, but consists of meetings outside work. In all of the interventions the vocational specialist liaises with the clientÿ¢ÿ¿ÿ¿s case manager, and clinical care is continued throughout. The study will be conducted by recruiting clients of the EPPIC service who have expressed an interest in working. They will be randomised to either a group that will work with the vocational specialist or to a group that will receive EPPIC treatment as usual. Participants will be assessed at the time of coming into the study and six months later. The assessment battery will include demographic questions, measures of psychopathology, symptomatology and quality of life. There will also be a questionnaire examining work history in the previous six months. This information will be collected by a trained research assistant.

To assess whether the existing treatment for uncomplicated malaria in eastern parts of the Terai in Nepal (supfadoxine-pyrimethamine) is still effective and to determine whether artemether-lumefantrine is a more effective alternative is a significant treatment failreu rate for SP is present

We aim to assess whether new combination therapies for malaria, based on artemisinin drugs and a chloroquine-like drug piperaquine, will be effective in children with malaria in Papua New Guinea

You are invited to participate in a study to assess the effectiveness of nitrate patches in decreasing voiding problems and improving urine flow in men who have prostate enlargement. By being involved in this study you will play a very important role in the development of alternative medical treatments for this very common male problem. It will allow better and cheaper ways to relieve the symptoms without the need for surgery. The prostate is a chestnut size gland that lies under the bladder. The tube that urine flows through (the urethra) passes through the prostate. Not uncommonly, the urethra is blocked in older males due to prostate enlargement. This results in troubling voiding symptoms known as lower urinary tract symptoms. These include: - Slowness initiating urine flow. - Poor urine stream. - Straining to urinate. - Dribbling urine especially at the end of voiding. - Feeling the bladder is not completely empty after voiding. - Getting frequent and sudden urges to urinate but only passing small amounts. - Waking up many times at night to pass urine. The enlarged prostate has a muscular component, which contributes to the blockage of urine flow especially when this muscle is tense.