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Birth by planned caesarean section poses some risk to babies, in particular, the need for admission to the neonatal unit for breathing support. Corticosteroid injections given to mothers expecting a preterm birth reduce neonatal respiratory morbidity but is not known if corticosteroids before a planned caesarean section at or near term have the same effect. Limited research suggests that as well as benefits on babies’ breathing these injections may lower babies’ blood sugar levels and so possibly cause harm. The C*STEROID Trial is a multi-centre, placebo-controlled, randomised trial to assess the effects of corticosteroids given to mothers before a planned caesarean section at or near term on neonatal and childhood health.

Magnesium is an essential macronutrient that exists in every human cell for the body to function, it plays a vital role in many body processes, including muscle (like heart muscles), nerve, bone health and mood. As such, inadequate magnesium in the body can cause a range of medical conditions and complications. While many studies have been carried out in the intensive care setting, reporting that magnesium deficiency is prevalent in those critically ill patients, few studies have investigated this problem after major abdominal surgery. However, in practice, low magnesium is often seen after a major abdominal operation, in particular bowel surgery, as such, some doctors may empirically prescribe magnesium for patients undergoing these procedures. Given that magnesium is readily available and easy to administer, there is an urgent need to know how bad the postoperative deficiency is so that correction can be made in a timely manner.

1 in 6 Australians will have a stroke. Other than acute and supportive rehabilitative care – there is no effective treatment for chronic stroke. When brain tissue is damaged, the area around the dead area undergoes a long-term neuro-inflammatory process effectively shutting down the function of the area and extending the originally damaged area. By injecting an anti-inflammatory biologic medication currently used to treat Rheumatoid arthritis by a novel route to bypass the blood brain barrier with 2 doses, 2 weeks apart, it is proposed that this neuroinflammation will be reduced and some associated function regained. PSE 2020 will extend on the data from a recently published world-first RCT conducted by Griffith University School of Medical Science.

Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) because if confers a significant survival benefit compared to dialysis treatment. For the large majority of paediatric and adolescent patients with ESKD, parents are the preferred source of donor kidneys for transplantation. Recent study has suggested that kidneys from mothers are more likely to reject compared to kidneys from fathers, but the reasons for this observation is unknown. This study aims to examine in-depth the potential difference in genetic (i.e. immunological) compatibility between donors and patients) using novel molecular techniques, which may help to better stratify the risk of adverse allograft outcomes after kidney transplantation from mothers and fathers. With these findings, this will enable clinicians and patients/families to make a better-informed decision regarding the selection of the most appropriate parental donor kidneys for transplantation.

Reistone Biopharma Co., Ltd is developing the study drug RS1805 as a potential new treatment for a condition called inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common chronic inflammatory disease affecting the gastrointestinal tract. It is characterized by abdominal pain, abdominal distension, diarrhea, vomiting, and weight loss. People with Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) usually require lifelong medical treatment and selective surgery according to the severity of condition The study drug, RS1805, is designed to moderate the activity of a specific protein found in the body called ROR-gamma. ROR-gamma can cause inflammation which lead to the symptoms experienced in patients with IBD. It is hoped by blocking the activity of ROR, symptoms associated with IBD may improve.

This research study aims to explore intra-individual variability in symptoms over time and intra-individual predictors of symptom severity. A series of N-of-1 observational studies with individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) will be conducted. The study also aims to assess the acceptability and feasibility of participating in N-of-1 observational studies from the perspective of individuals with MS. This will be achieved by conducting semi-structured interviews with participants at the end of the study and by examining recruitment and retention rate and questionnaire completion rates.

Background: Medial tibial stress syndrome affects 4-20% of the population with increased incidence in athletes and the military. It has a complex aetiology of bone loading and fascial traction and is often difficult to treat. Stretching, calf strengthening, load management and rest have shown benefit, however, there remains a group of patients who do not benefit from these methods and for many athletes and military personnel prolonged rest is not ideal. Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an investigational device on MTSS symptoms compared to a placebo. Study Design: A prospective double-blinded randomised placebo-controlled trial. Methods: Included participants were those with symptomatic MTSS lasting 6 weeks or more. Excluded were those with other lower limb or systemic pathologies. Fourteen participants formed the study cohort. Participants were required to wear the devices daily for up to 2hrs, before and after exercise. Additional treatment modalities were recorded. The primary outcome was a MTSS Severity Score at the initial assessment and 1-6, 8, 12, and 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes were return to activity, exercise frequency and device usage data collected at the same time points.

This study will test a (one to one) diabetes self-management intervention that targets active coping with diabetes related goals, that are identified as most important to the individual throughout the intervention. We will test if this style of intervention is acceptable and effective and results in positive changes in diabetes self-management, glucose levels and well-being measures including diabetes distress. There will be the opportunity for some or all of the study visits to be completed remotely (e.g., via phone, or online platform). To be eligible for this study you will be aged from 18 to 50 years, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes for at least one year, your HbA1c within the preceding 6 months was at or above 8% OR based on your score on a diabetes distress survey. Information will be collected via surveys, medical records where possible, and some self-reported information.

Older adults admitted to acute care hospital settings often experience frailty and pain. However, frailty is not routinely assessed in hospital, and the prevalence of both frailty and pain in acute settings is not clearly understood. The proposed study will be the first to investigate the prevalence of frailty across an entire hospital in Australia, the first point prevalence study of frailty across an entire private hospital, and the first point prevalence study of current pain across an entire hospital using a technology driven assessment of pain. The aim is to conduct a point prevalence survey on frailty and pain of inpatients, in an acute adult private hospital in Western Australia, utilising a prospective single-day point prevalence survey design. Data collected will include demographic data, clinical data, and measures of frailty and pain in admitted acute care patients ages 18 years and over. Findings will provide insight into frailty and pain in older adults admitted to acute care hospital settings.

Summary of proposed research The investigators propose a prospective cohort study to determine the prevalence and severity of endometriosis in women at the time of laparoscopic treatment of tubal ectopic pregnancy. We hypothesise that women undergoing laparoscopic treatment of ectopic pregnancy are more likely to have concurrent endometriosis than the reported overall prevalence of endometriosis in reproductive-aged women of 10%. Suitable patients will be asked and supported to complete a pre-operative questionnaire regarding their general gynaecological health and symptoms of endometriosis and surgeons will complete a questionnaire regarding their surgical findings and grade endometriosis, if present, according to revised American Fertility Society classification of endometriosis. Ethical implications of research The investigators can think of two ethical implications of the research project: 1. Diagnosis of endometriosis as a result of participation in this research study may make endometriosis a pre-existing condition for the application and purchase of insurance (e.g. private health insurance or income protection insurance) in the future by the participant. 2. Diagnosis but non-treatment of endometriosis at the time of laparoscopic treatment of ectopic pregnancy. This may make a repeat laparoscopy and treatment of endometriosis necessary. The investigators believe that the safety and benefits of concurrent laparoscopic treatment of endometriosis and ectopic pregnancy has not been established and therefore cannot be part of research protocol.