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Diagnostic lung ultrasound will be used to diagnose acute lobar atelectasis in a mechanically ventilated population in intensive care. Lung ultrasound scans will also allow the research physiotherapist to assign aeration scores pre and post delivery of chest physiotherapy treatment. We hypothesise that lung ultrasound will be able to detect changes in lung aeration associated with a single chest physiotherapy treatment. This single centre prospective cohort trial of 43 mechanically ventilated patients will be conducted in intensive care at Royal North Shore Hospital.

Instability of the knee cap is a common problem and has a high recurrence rate, even with appropriate physiotherapy. When it has recurred, surgery becomes the necessary treatment. The surgical technique most commonly used involves the use of one of the patient's hamstrings to make a new ligament, the medial patello-femoral ligament. This technique uses one of the patient's own hamstrings and there is increased pain and an increased risk of complications associated with taking the hamstring graft. An artificial ligament, referred to as the ligament augmentation reconstruction system (LARS), is an alternative ligament that has been used for this operation, instead of the hamstring graft. This has the potential benefit of less pain, and a lower risk of complications. However there is no research to compare the outcomes of the two techniques used to reconstruct the ligament. The goal of the study was to compare the patient outcomes in patients undergoing the operation with the use of a hamstring graft versus the use of the LARS graft. Patients who are appropriate candidates and who agree to take part in the study, are randomly allocated to group 1 who have a hamstring graft, or group 2 who have a LARS ligament. Both groups will follow the same rehabilitation protocol to be supervised by a physiotherapist. Patients are allowed to weight bear as tolerable with a brace on, and the range of motion permitted in the brace is gradually increased over a period of 8 weeks. After this the patient can wean from the use of the brace. Patients can expect to make a complete recovery within 4 months of the surgery. The outcomes of interest are a questionnaire referred to as the Kajula score and Tegner activity score. These are completed before surgery and again at 1, 2, and 5 years post surgery. The results will be compared using statistical analysis.

The purpose of this study is to quantitatively compare early outcomes following duct to duct anastomosis during whole liver transplantation with or without a biliary stent. Randomised comparative data showing non-inferiority in the stent-free group could result in fewer post-operative biliary/endoscopic interventions, and change our current, non-standardised practice. Biliary stent placement during duct to duct anastomosis in whole liver transplantation confers no benefit with respect to biliary anastomotic complications when compared to a stent-free anastomosis but does result in a greater number of post-operative interventions to remove retained stents.

The primary objective of the study is to determine the amount of bupivacaine in the blood for adult subjects undergoing a total knee arthroplasty.

The aim of this study is to determine whether the thickness of lubricating eye drops for the front surface of the eye influences orthokeratology (OK) contact lens treatment outcomes. The primary outcomes to be measured are anterior eye health and comfort; the secondary outcomes of vision (eye prescription and how well an OK wearer sees) will also be explored with non-contact instruments. The participant, who is an existing OK lenses wearer, will be required to use their own lenses along with two lubricating eye drops that will be given to them by the researchers. These drops will be used once before inserting their lenses at night and once again before removing them. The participants will be required to visit the research clinic and researchers (UNSW Optometry Clinic, Kensington, NSW, Australia 2052) once a week for a total of 4 visits throughout the study. After the 2nd visit, the participants will undergo a wash-out period where they will be instructed to not use the provided lubricating eye drops. In this period, the participants have the opportunity to schedule their 3rd and 4th visit to their earliest convenience. Therefore, the participants can finish the study as quick as 1 month after applying.

The purpose of the study is to determine whether there is increased post-operative throat pain associated with Moffett's solution nasal preparation when compared with Co-phenylcaine. We hypothesize that there will be an increased in post-operative throat pain in the Moffett's solution group.

This is an implementation study, aiming to design and implement a clinical outcomes orthopaedic registry for patients presenting to a single centre practice with upper limb pathologies. The purpose of this registry is to report patient outcomes after treatment through a prospective, consecutive observational cohort study design. This clinical registry will collate and store patient outcomes collected routinely as part of the standard clinical pathway for upper limb pathology treatments. Outcomes will include objective joint function, patient reported outcomes (pain, satisfaction, quality of life), radiological findings and rates of revision surgery or complications. Recruitment will include all patients presenting with upper limb pathology to the principal or associate investigators at a single clinical practice (Geelong Orthopaedics). Patients will undergo standard of care consultation for diagnosis and treatment, including the collection of demographic data, patient medical history, radiological findings, pathology, and functional analysis. Patient evaluation will be completed routinely as part of the standard clinical pathway performed by the principal and associate investigators via the consulting rooms at Geelong Orthopaedics or hospital clinics. Patients will in addition be requested to complete a set of questionnaires (EQ-5D, Oxford shoulder scores (Pain and Instability scores), Quick DASH (upper limb function score), American Shoulder and Elbow Society (ASES) Score, Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) Score) and return to activity questions to enable evaluation of patient reported outcomes and complete physical assessments as part of the post- treatment follow up. The clinical outcomes of individual patients will be monitored for up to 5 years.

This is a pilot study to evaluate the safety of a personalized tumour neo-antigen peptide vaccine strategy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Who is it for? You may be eligible for this study if you are an adult who has been diagnosed with early stage non-small cell lung cancer and is planned for surgery. Study details All participants in this study will be required to attend the Sir Charles Gardner Hospital to receive a vaccine fortnightly for the first 4 doses (8 weeks), and then 4 weekly for another 4 doses (16 weeks). You will monitored with blood tests before each dose. This research project hopes to discover a new and effective treatment for patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

The purpose of this study is to determine if the use of an antibiotic (Ceftriaxone) post-radical prostatectomy will help prevent urinary tract infections in patients with a indwelling catheter inserted at time of trial of void. You may be eligible for this study if you have prostate cancer and are undergoing a robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy at the Wesley Hospital. Study details Participants will be randomly allocated to one of two groups, the intervention group (standard care) or the placebo group. The procedure in the intervention group will involve: a) Injecting 1g of antibiotic (Ceftriaxone) via an injection in the arm at time of catheter removal (one week post-surgery). b) Collection of urine samples and blood The placebo group will receive: a) Injecting 10ml of saline via an injection in the arm at time of catheter removal (one week post-surgery). b) Collection of urine samples and blood It is hoped that this study will determine if antibiotics reduce the incidence of symptomatic urinary tract infections after catheter removal as currently they are being given to every person, which may lead to increased antibiotic resistance if they are not actually required.

Funduscopy is not widely performed, to the detriment of patients whose vision-threatening and life-threatening disorders may not be detected. The decline of fundoscopy has been ascribed to technical challenges of the examination, and difficulties interpreting the findings. Non-mydriatic fundus photography (NMFP) has been demonstrated to improve detection of fundus abnormalities in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). We aim to determine the prevalence of fundus abnormalities amongst selected patients presenting to Australian EDs, and the clinical impact of NMFP for these patients.