ANZCTR search results

The aim of this project is to compare two different total knee arthroplasty (TKA) approaches with regards to alignment. Traditionally TKA aimed to achieve a neutral or straight (mechanical) alignment of the knee with a perpendicular joint line. However studies have shown that rarely does this arrangement echo normal anatomy. In most individuals the mechanical axis of the limb is not neutral and the joint line is often slightly oblique. Given that up to 20-25% of patients are dissatisfied with their TKA outcomes due to pain and poor function with activities of daily living, there is much room for improvement. Kinematic alignment aims to restore the knee to its normal pre-diseased alignment, in doing so match the prosthesis more closely to the ligamentous envelope which it must function and therfore may improve post-operative kinematics and function. The gold standard for accuracy in TKA is computer assisted surgery and although mechanical versus kinematic alignment has been studied in a single randomised control trial, the surgery was performed without computer assistance. This study will compare outcomes of navigated kinematically aligned TKA versus navigated mechanically aligned TKA which uses computer assistance to ensure accurate positioning of the prosthesis. 250 patients will be chosen for the study. These patients will be selected by three surgeons involved with ORIQL as needing total knee arthroplasty and as indicated by clinical guidlines. There will be two study groups. Group A (200 patients) will be patients undergoing unilateral total knee replacement and group B will be those undergoing bilateral TKR. The participants in group A will be randomized to either mechanical or kinematic alignment. Group B (50 patients) will have one knee replaced kinematically and the other mechanically. Randomisation will apply to which knee is done first. The first replacement will be done kinematically and the second mechanically provided that any alignment difference between the two does not produced visual asymmetry. In this instance, the second knee will be done kinematically and the patient withdrawn from the trial. All patients will undergo the same protocol process for total knee arthroplasty. All other intra-operative and post-operative protocols will be the same for all patients. They will be followed up post-operatively at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 6 months, and then yearly. Post-operative radiologic assessment will be that normally required following TKA. Outcome measures will include validated clinical pain and function scores such as the WOMAC score, EQ5D, Knee Society Score, the Oxford Knee Score, and the Forgotten Joint Score. Data collected will be analysed using statistical methods in order to find any statistically significant difference in results between the two alignment strategies

IMPROVING OUTCOME OF SEPSIS Greater numbers of patients are surviving intensive care but have poor quality of life due to immobility, poor cognition, post traumatic stress disorder, depression and frequent readmissions to hospital. Patients with a severe infection “sepsis” are particularly affected. This study aims to improve the overall outcome of critically ill patients with sepsis, through a follow up outpatient service. The intervention group will be screened by several instruments and appropriate referrals made. This trial will investigate whether these interventions can prevent readmission to hospital; improve health related quality of life, decrease mortality, and decrease utilization of health resources thereby decreasing the burden on the Australian health system.

This purpose of Part 2 of the study is to determine the activity of DSM265 (study drug) against malaria parasites in healthy subjects who have been inoculated with a low dose of malaria-infected red blood cells. This trial is to be conducted under the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) Clinical Trial Notification Scheme (CTN).

Aim: The aim of this pilot study is to examine the interactive effects of psychological stress and malnutrition on DNA damage and epigenome biomarkers in a long term chronically-stressed cohort. Hypotheses: (i) Stress hormones induce specific types of DNA damage at the gene sequence, epigenome and chromosome level, including compromised telomere length and integrity; (ii) Susceptibility to DNA damage by the stress hormone cortisol is increased when dietary B vitamin methyl donors (folate, vitamin B12, choline) are deficient; (iii) Telomere length is inversely associated with perceived and actual stress, and this relationship is strengthened with increased chronicity of stress exposure.

The purpose of Part 1 of the study is determine if DSM265 is safe, how it makes people feel and how the body absorbs, processes and gets rid of DSM265 (study drug), in single, increasing oral doses of DSM265 in healthy subjects for the treatment of malaria. This trial is to be conducted under the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) Clinical Trial Notification Scheme (CTN).

When you receive a general anaesthetic for your operation, you will be asleep also unable to breath for yourself. Therefore, a breathing tube is inserted in your windpipe to allow the anaesthetist to assist your breathing while the surgeon operates. This study aims to determine the rate at which your lungs ‘suck in’ (or inspire) air while you are asleep and not breathing.This is possible with a continuous opening from your lungs to oxygen source. We believe that if the composition of the air being sucked into your lungs is all oxygen than it will continue to flow at a constant rate but if the composition of air is the same as in the room (20% oxygen) then the flow rate will tail off (like slowly turning off a tap). Computer programs and our understanding of the biology of people suggest this would be the case. However, we have no proof of this at present.

The MARRC Study aims to address the gaps in current evidence for the prevention and treatment of malnutrition in older adults. The project aims to answer: “Among malnourished older adults admitted to rural rehabilitation units in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, does engaging the informal carer as part of nutrition support improve nutrition status, functional status, quality of life, rehabilitation outcome (length of stay and institutionalisation), incidence of hospitalisation and cost-effectiveness of care at discharge and 90 days post-discharge compared with usual care?” The intervention involves nutrition intervention, which is a one off counselling session involving the patient and their informal carer and post-discharge telephone reviews for the informal carer. The control group receives standard care, which does not involve the informal carer or post-discharge support.

Speech and language therapy results in positive communication and psychosocial outcomes for people with aphasia. However, access to services is difficult and research into alternative service delivery models is needed. One such alternative is telerehabilitation which allows access to treatment remotely. This project will investigate the feasibility of telerehabilitation treatment of aphasia. AIMS: This research project has the following specific aims: 1.To determine the feasibility of using telerehabilitation to provide intensive aphasia therapy, group therapy and communication partner training to people with aphasia using computerbased multipoint videoconferencing. 2.To describe the perceptions and experiences of people with aphasia and their communication partners participating in telerehabilitation aphasia treatment programs.

In this clinical study we aim to assess the difference, if any, in intra-operative soft tissue balancing in computer navigated and conventional total knee replacement (TKR). Computer navigated TKRs have been shown to produce better alignment of the components compared to conventional TKR. Whether there is any long term advantage of computer navigated TKR in terms of function and durability and patient satisfaction is as yet not proven. In this prospective, randomised, patient blinded study, we shall measure the ligament balancing in both groups intra-operatively. This will be done using a tensiometer instrument. There is no morbidity associated with the use of this device which gives an instantaneous reading.

We aim to determine whether a purse string suture to a patients groin is more or less effective than manual pressure in preventing complications such as bleeding and bruising following ablation procedures. We intend to randomise patients in a 1 to 1 fashion to either use of a purse string suture or manual pressure over the femoral vein to achieve haemostasis following ablation procedures. We intend to randomise patients in this fashion who need anticoagulation for their procedure with the hypothesis that the purse string suture is a more efficient and more effective way to provide groin haemostasis for patients post ablation.