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This study is to assess the presence of inflammation in the knee joint that has undergone replacement surgery for osteoarthritis and to correlate the presence of inflammation with pain. Pain is the most common indication for knee joint replacement surgery yet there are patients who continue to report persistent pain after surgery. There is evidence that inflammation is common in osteoarthritis and may be associated with pain. To date, we are unaware of evidence of inflammation post knee joint replacement surgery for osteoarthritis of the knee. However, there are reports of joint fluid, which may occur due to inflammation, in the prosthetic knee. We would like to study whether the presence of inflammation correlates with the presence of persistent or unexplained pain post joint replacement surgery. The information routinely collected for the Joint Replacement Registry will be obtained and in addition, an ultrasound assessment of the knee joint that has undergone replacement surgery will be done. Ultrasound has been used for the investigation and management of patients with musculoskeletal disease for at least 30 years. As there is no radiation risk with ultrasound and no medical intervention used in this study, there are no foreseeable risks involved.

Patients with sepsis have the potential to become very unwell in a rapid period. The progression from being moderately unwell to severely unwell may be due to the body’s immune system responding to the infection, rather than the infection itself. A fundamental and accepted practice in the management of patients with suspected sepsis is the administration of intravenous fluids. There is no consensus that any particular fluid is better than the other. In particular, we do not know whether any time of fluid has a beneficial effect on this immune response to infection. Hypertonic saline fluid has been shown in some animal and human studies to influence the immune response to infection. In this pilot study we will assess whether hypertonic saline has an advantage over normal saline in producing beneficial immunomodulation. If this can be shown, it will inform the design of a larger multicentre trial with clinical endpoints.

Based on current medical literature, there are some suggestions that a single dose of steroid treatment may help improve back pain due to low back pain with radiculopathy. However, the research this has been based on has not been performed in the Emergency Department (ED), or do not necessarily measure important factors such as return to normal functioning, visual analogue pain scores or improvement in straight leg raise. The aim of project is to measure and compare the effect of a single dose of intravenous steroid treatment (8 mg of Dexamethasone) versus a placebo (normal saline) on visual analogue pain scores. We are also trying to measure the time to return to normal functional level, improvement in straight leg raising and improvement in Oswestry Disability Index symptom scores. The overall aim is to make a recommendation regarding management of patients with acute back pain and radiculopathy.

The study enabled dosing intervals, peak plasma concentration and rate of absorption of subcutaneous tramadol to be determined in Intensive Care Step Down Unit patients. It also permitted pharmacokinetic comparison with other subcutaneous opioids and assist in clinical decision-making about optimal opioid dosing regimens for moderate to severe acute pain.

There are more than 7 million overweight or obese adults in Australia and on average only about 5% of this population achieve permanent weight reduction of any significance to their health. Many questions remain regarding the best way to achieve long-term weight loss, and how a person’s metabolic rate is affected both in the short- and long-term during dieting. The overall aim of this project is to design more effective and sustainable weight loss strategies for overweight and obese adults. This study, funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), aims to compare changes in weight and health using two different dieting approaches; one in which the energy intake (kilojoule value) changes every two weeks, and the other where the energy intake changes every four weeks. Throughout the intensive phase of the study, participants are provided with a healthy, balanced, energy-regulated diet delivered to their home. Measures of body composition, metabolic rate and energy expenditure, hunger and satiety, blood hormone levels, body fuel usage, and metabolic health will be taken at a number of time points throughout the study.

The primary purpose of the study is to conduct a clinical trial on the use of HFNP therapy on infants with viral bronchiolitis requiring ventilator support and compare it with the standard care at the Campbelltown and Mt Druitt Hospitals to see effect of HFNP therapy in reducing the need for intubation and cost of transferring children to specialized children hospitals.

The incidence of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has increased over the last several decades, for reasons which are largely unclear. It is an autoimmune process characterised by a lack of insulin. This insulin deficiency leads to elevated blood sugars, which in turn causes damage to the small blood vessels and nerves in the body, leading to problems such as kidney failure, blindness and lack of blood flow to essential organs. The aim of management is to minimise the risk of these potential complications by ensuring that blood sugar levels are maintained as close to normal as possible. Despite increasing medical knowledge and technological advances, this remains a difficult goal to achieve, particularly during adolescence. In addition to the decreasing metabolic control during young adulthood, we know that many young adults with T1DM have difficulty maintaining contact with hospital services after transfer from paediatric to adult services. This lack of engagement with medical professionals often leads to a further deterioration in blood sugar control during this time, putting these vulnerable young adults at significant risk of long term health problems. The issue of transition in T1DM is one with which clinicians struggle with worldwide. Interventions such as continuity of treating physician or continuing attendance at a paediatric centre into the third decade are effective but not practical in most centres. Case management during adolescence has been shown to be effective at improving clinic attendance for teenagers, but to date there is no randomised controlled trial of case management in the transition of youth with T1DM. We hypothesise that a case management programme in this population will lead to improved clinic attendance rates after transfer to the adult services, and is both feasible and reproducible.

This is a Phase II clinical trial to examine the safety, tolerability and effect of 52 weeks treatment with PBT2 in patients with prodromal or mild Alzheimer's disease (AD). The primary objective is to compare the effect of PBT2 vs placebo on the amount of amyloid in patients brains after 52 weeks of treatment when measured by a particular type of brain scan, PiB-Positron Emission Tomography (PET). The effects of PBT2 on safety and tolerability, brain volume, brain metabolic activity, and cognition plus functional abilities will also be investigated.

This health services research study aims to evaluate, using a single blind, cluster randomised control design the novel system of routine blood glucose testing amongst all patients admitted to hospital via Emergency, followed by automatic notification of the relevant hospital’s Diabetes Services for those who are hyperglycaemic, to assess related improvement in diabetes case detection and subsequent implementation of diabetes care.

The aim of this study is to compare the accommodative lag response and accomodative adapation obatianed with different contact lens designs.