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Objective: To investigate the impact on of conventional therapy and resistance therapy augmented with botulinum toxin A (BoNTA) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP) on upper limb (UL) function and quality of movement. Assessment of movement quality was considered important, because early brain injuries are more susceptible to 'maladaptative' plasticity, which might result in abnormal movement behaviours. Study Design: Single blind, randomised control trial (RCT) using matched pairs. Methods: A control group continued with their usual community based ‘conventional’ therapy. The treatment group received either 1. BoNTA injections to the upper limb with conventional therapy or; 2. BoNTA injections to the upper limb with conventional therapy plus upper limb resistance training at the peak effect of the BoNTA. Twenty-five participants aged between 8 and 16 years were enrolled. Assessments for this group included the Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function (MUUL); goal attainment using goal attainment scales (GAS) and kinematic analysis of reaching with the quantification of normalised jerk (NJ) reflecting movement fluency, and directness index (DI) reflecting movement efficiency. CNS changes were measured using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to map corticospinal pathways. Results: GAS improved significantly in recipients who received resistance training augmented with BoNTA relative to controls at 1, 3 and 6 months (mean 58.1, SD 11.1, p<0.05). Therapy augmented with BoNTA resulted in improvements in movement fluency and efficiency and neuroplastic changes in some, but not all the children studied. The children who had preserved contralateral corticospinal pathways displayed less maladaptive movement behaviour with lower variability of NJ and DI, and higher MUUL score. Conclusion: Augmenting physical therapies with BoNTA improves function, movement fluency and induces CNS changes in children with hemiplegic spastic CP. More significant gains in UL function were achieved in a shorter time when muscle resistance training was combined with BoNTA and maintained after the effect of the BoNTA had worn off.

Fundamentally, the trial aims to conduct a gold-standard test of the clinical impact of SAM-e in the treatment of depressed mood and general symptoms of fibromyalgia (FMS) As such, salient clinical and pathological parameters will be assessed over a 16-week period in 70 patients who will be provided with the supplement (8 weeks) and placebo preparation (8 weeks). On the basis of previous literature, it is hypothesised that patients in the active treatment group will experience moderate but significant improvements across the clinical measures, and that these gains will be significantly greater than any reported in the placebo group. All patients will provide informed consent. All procedures will be conducted under medical supervision and the preparation itself is very safe when used in the manner proposed for the trial.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a disorder affecting around 2.5 in 1000 live births. Commonly, children with CP have spasticity in their muscles causing stiffness. Children with spasticity move differently because of this stiffness. When botulinum toxin-A (BOTOX) is injected into a spastic muscle, it helps relax the muscle for around three months, after which the effect begins to wear off. During this time, the muscle is able to move more freely through a greater range, allowing the child to use more normal patterns of muscle recruitment. BOTOX is recommended and PBS rebatable for children with CP who are over two years of age and who are ambulant. Usually, by two years of age these children have developed an abnormal pattern of movement, especially around the ankle. Currently, the most important clinical question is whether BOTOX should be used to prevent this early imperfect standing and walking practice rather than be used after two years of age to correct the problem that has developed. Injections of BOTOX at a younger age may provide the child with an early sensation of more normal movement and lay down patterns of movement that will be useful in the long term. The aim of this study is to compare, over a three year period, the effects of early (beginning at the motor stage of "pull-to-stand") repeated BOTOX injections on gross motor function and the development of walking with the effects of later ( beginning after two years of age) standard repeated BOTOX treatment. The main measures will be the gross motor function measures and quality of walking. Measurements (such as muscle spasticity, muscle length, parent questionnaires and functional ability of the upper limb) will also be made to determine which program most positively affects walking, other gross motor functions and /or quality of life.

Joint mobility is a key factor in determining stroke length in rowers. The aim of this project is to determine whether increasing the mobility of restricted joints in rowers by manual mobilisation can increase a rower's stroke length and consequently rowing performance.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common disorder which causes changes within the airways and blood vessels of the lung. As a result of these changes, it can cause problems with breathing and the way air and oxygen travels to different parts of the lung. We have several different ways of looking at how bad COPD is, however none of these are perfect. By understanding better the way in which airways behave in COPD, and the effects this has on blood flow within the lung, the better able we will be to investigate, develop new medications, and treat COPD. In this study we will be investigating the way COPD affects breathing and blood flow by looking at changes in lung function. We will then compare this information with pictures of breathing and blood flow obtained from a nuclear medicine scan.

Obesity is a major public health issue in Australia with approximately 67% of men and 52% of women overweight or obese. Obesity is associated with a number of life threatening diseases and is an independent risk factor for a range of cardiovascular diseases. Although group programs that involve weekly visits are regarded as the most effective strategy for treating obesity, there is an urgent need for the development of effective weight loss programs that are more widely accessible. The Internet may have considerable potential to deliver weight management programs for individuals who cannot access clinical programs or where frequent face-to-face contact is a substantial barrier. To date, little is known about the efficacy of online weight loss programs. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of an Internet-based weight loss program for men that incorporates key behavioural strategies including social support and self monitoring.

Pain and crepitus (a scraping feel and sound) can occur at the scapula (shoulder blade) restricting the shoulder's normal gliding motion. Previous studies have shown that removing a small supero medial portion of the scapula bone can correct this. This can be done arthroscopically (key hole surgery) but this area is difficult to see and access. We have previously published an article on anatomic studies demonstrating a safe new 'key hole' position which allows experienced arthroscopists better access to enable removal of the 'troublesome' bone. In this study we evaluated the outcome of patients who had this procedure with regard to their good and excellent return to work and sport. All patients thought it was worthwhile having the operation.

For many years the standard approach to lead placement has been the right ventricular apex (RVA). However, early evidence suggests that right ventricular high septum (RVHS) pacing may be more beneficial compared to RVA pacing. Patients with complete heart block requiring more than 90% ventricular pacing will be randomised into two groups; RVA vs RVHS pacing. The two pacing modalities will be compared to assess left ventricular function as measured by the left ventricular ejection fraction.

It is not known at what time definitive femoral shaft intramedullary nailing (IMN) should be performed to result in fewer complications for the patient. The trial will investigate the optimal timing of femoral shaft IMN in a single-centre phase II randomised trial. The null hypothesis is that there is no difference in organ dysfunction outcomes between multitrauma patients having a femoral shaft fracture nailed immediately (within 24 hours) or nailed 3-6 days later secondary to external fixation.

Gout is an inflammatory condition caused by the deposition of urate crystals in tissues/joints. Allopurinol is a common and effective treatment to prevent gout. Gout predominantly affects the older population who are at risk for cardiovascular disease such as hypertension and heart attack. Low-dose aspirin and hydrochlorothiazide are used for the prevention of such cardiovascular events. Therefore, co-administration of allopurinol and aspirin and/or hydrochlorothiazide is common in older individuals. However, there has been no investigation of this combination of drugs with respect to control of urate concentrations in the body. This study will examine the interaction between allopurinol and aspirin and hydrochlorothiazide.